The Armenian Highland (Armenian: Հայկական լեռնաշխարհ, Haykakan leṙnašxarh; Armenian Plateau, or simply Armenia) is the land of the “indigenous” Armenian people since time immemorial, also known as the “Cradle of Civilization.” To its west, is the Anatolian Plateau which rises slowly from the lowland coast of the Aegean Sea and converges with the Armenian Highland to the east of Cappadocia. To its southeast, is the Iranian Plateau. The Caucasus extends to the northeast of the Armenian Highland. To the southwest of the Armenian Highland is Upper Mesopotamia.

The Armenian Highland is divided into western and eastern regions, defined by the Ararat Valley where Mount Ararat is located. The region to the west of the Ararat Valley, which was conventionally called “Western Armenia”, is now part of present day eastern Anatolia, Turkey, all the way to Cilicia, northern edges of Syria and Iraq. The region to the east, which was conventionally called “Eastern Armenia,” is now comprised of the Republic of Armenia, Artsakh, southern Georgia, northwest Iran, and most of Azerbaijan (except of the north).

The Armenian population of the western half of the region was exterminated during the Armenian Genocide of 1915 and all toponyms, flora and fauna with Armenian names were banned in the early 1940s.

In 1827, Russia changed the name from Armenian Highland to Caucasus to assimilate Armenians with the other inhabitants of the region.

The Republic of Armenia officially recognizes Armenia to be in the north east part of Armenian Highland.